Molecular Biologist, Dr Marco Ruggiero, MD. Ph.D., whilst working at the National Cancer Institute of the NIH in Maryland, worked on Macrophage Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) and human cancer from 1990, which is four years before Dr Yamamoto coined the acronym GcMAF. (Pierce JH, 1990 Aug, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 5613–5617)
Rerum® was conceived in 2015 by the same Dr Marco Ruggiero. Rerum® was superior to GcMAF in that it was nanosized and more stable (kept better) than GcMAF.
imuno® for superior immune support was conceived in 2018 by the same Dr Marco Ruggiero.
What is GcMAF?
Go to GcMAF Science
Gc protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) is a carrier protein extracted from human blood. Gc protein binds chondroitin sulfate on the cell surface and such an interaction may occur also in blood, colostrum and milk. The resulting multimolecular complexes, under the form of oligomers, elicit the diverse biological effects observed for both GcMAF and chondroitin sulfate.
Where to Buy GcMAF Yogurt
Where to Buy GcMAF Capsules
Where to Buy injectable GcMAF
Shortcomings of Japanese GcMAF
Injectable GcMAF from Japan is manufactured by enzymatically treating filtered serum from human donors. The resulting product has three significant shortcomings.
- The Japanese product occasionally produces limb immobilizing pain around the injection site. This is likely due to incompatible proteins from the donors blood.
- Sterile filtered serum (0.22 microns) does not remove the smallest Prions (0.03 microns) that cause neurodegenerative diseases and may be transmitted in serum.
- The nutritional status of the donor must affect the resulting multimolecular complexes. i.e. serum deficiency of chondroitin sulfate or vitamin D will limit product effectiveness.
imuno™ has none of these shortcomings.
Known Actions of GcMAF
- Activates Macrophages [white blood cells] that eat cancer cells (Ruggiero M P. S., 2013 Aug 22-27).
- Inhibits cancer cell-induced blood supply to tumours (Pacini S M. G., 2012 Jul-Aug).
- Inhibits cancer cell proliferation and metastatic potential (Ruggiero M P. S., 2013 Aug 22-27).
- Turns cancer cells back into healthy cells [reverts phenotype] (Ruggiero M P. S., 2013 Aug 22-27).
- Induces apoptosis [suicide of cancer cells] (Ruggiero M P. S., 2013 Aug 22-27).
- Suppresses HER2 oncogene expression in human breast cancer (Ruggiero M B. J., 2014 October 6-10).
- Repairs and grows new human neurons [neurogenesis] (Morucci G F. M., 2013) (Smith R, 2013).
- Increases cellular energy [mitochondrial level] (Smith R, 2013).
- Normalizes endocannabinoid gene expression (Siniscalco D, 2014 April).
- Induces the synthesis and release of Nitric Oxide by activated macrophages (Ruggiero M G. M., 2014 Sept 18-20).
- Counteracts the neuronal damage induced by Oxaliplatin [Chemotherapy] (Morucci G B. J., 2015 Feb).
- Activates osteoclasts, which are responsible for resorption of bone (Swamy N, 2001).
Significant Scientific Articles
- 2016 Oct, Gc Protein-Derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) and Autism: Do Clinical Results Require a Novel Interpretation?
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2016 Sep, Is chondroitin sulfate responsible for the biological effects attributed to the GC protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF)?
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2016 Jul, Case Report: GcMAF Treatment in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2015 Aug, Oral Colostrum Macrophage-activating Factor for Serious Infection and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Three Case Reports.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2015 Aug, Degalactosylated/Desialylated Bovine Colostrum Induces Macrophage Phagocytic Activity Independently of Inflammatory Cytokine Production.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2015 Mar, Effect of Glycosylated vitamin D binding protein complexed with oleic acid on human myeloma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma cultures.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2015 Mar, Effects of oxaliplatin and oleic acid Gc-protein-derived macrophage-activating factor on murine and human microglia.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2015 Feb, OA-GcMAF counteracts the neuronal damage induced by oxaliplatin (chemotherapy).
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2014 Oct 9, Glycosylated oleic acid/vitamin d binding protein suppresses HER2 oncogene expression in human breast cancer.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article
Download Poster - 2014 Oct 8, Focussed transcranial ultrasounds: application to the delivery of glycosylated oleic acid/vitamin d-binding protein
to brain tumours and metastases.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article
Download Poster - 2014 Oct 8, The effect of Gcmaf complexed with oleic acid on multiple myeloma cultures.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2014 Oct 7, Clinical experience of immunotherapy based on oleic acid bound to glycosylated vitamin d-binding protein in
localised and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article
Download Poster - 2014 Sep 28, Clinical experience of renal carcinoma immunotherapy with oleic acid complexed with de-glycosylated vitamin d binding protein.
Download Full Article - 2014 Sep 18-20, Gc-protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) induces ERBB2 shift in human breast cancer.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2014 Sep 18-20, Intra-tumoural nitric oxide release by macrophages activated by Gc-protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF).
Here we demonstrate that intra-tumoural injection of OA-GcMAF leads NO synthesis and release inside the tumour.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2014 Aug, Case report: A breast cancer patient treated with [2nd Generation] GcMAF, sonodynamic therapy and hormone therapy.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2014 May 28-31, Clinical experience of integrative immunotherapy centred on oleic acid complexed with
deglycosylated vitamin D-binding protein.
Download Full Article - 2014 May 28-31, Increased splenic blood flow following macrophage activation by oleic acid complexed with vitamin D-binding protein.
Download Poster - 2014 May 27, Oleic Acid, deglycosylated vitamin D-binding protein, nitric oxide: a molecular triad made lethal to cancer.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2014 Apr 17, The in vitro GcMAF effects on endocannabinoid system transcriptionomics, receptor formation, and cell activity
of autism-derived macrophages.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2014 Mar 8, Clinical experience treating cancer with high dose OA-GcMAF and the approximate, average,
decrease of tumor volume of 25% in a week.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2013 Nov 6, The therapeutic effects of GcMAF in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome are confirmed here.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2013, Newly described effects of GcMAF to treat neurodegenerative disorders from Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases
to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Download Full Article - 2013, Effects of GcMAF on Human Neuroblastoma cells and predicted molecular interaction with the vitamin D receptor.
Download Poster - 2013 Aug, Effects of GcMAF on Human Breast Cancer and Neuroblastoma cells.
Download Poster - 2013 Aug 20, Therapeutic effects of highly purified de-glycosylated GcMAF in the immunotherapy of patients with chronic diseases.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2013 Aug, GcMAF decreases nagalase with associated improved clinical outcomes in advanced cancer patients.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2013 Jul, Clinical experience of integrative cancer immunotherapy with GcMAF.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2013 July, GcMAF, Vitamin D and Oleic Acid induces human breast cancer cell apoptosis through stimulation of macrophages.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2013 July, Degalactosylated/desialylated human serum containing GcMAF induces macrophage phagocytic activity and in vivo antitumor activity.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2013 Jun 20-21, The immune stimulant properties of GcMAF on Gynaecological Cancers.
Download Poster - 2013 Jun 20-21, Molecular interaction of GcMAF with vitamin D receptor in Endometrial Cancer.
Download Poster - 2013 Jan 31, Multifaceted immunotherapeutic effects of GcMAF on Human Breast Cancer cells.
Download Poster - 2012 Dec, 40 cases of Autism improved with GcMAF.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2012 Jul-Aug, These results highlight the role of the vitamin D axis in chronic kidney disease, an axis which includes vitamin D,
its receptor and GcMAF.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2011, Macrophages of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) as key elements of the immune response to
vitamin d binding protein-macrophage activating factor. Demonstrates that OA-GcMAF Probiotic (MAF 314)
substantially increases CD4 count in HIV/AIDS patients.
Download Full Article - 2010, GcMAF directly inhibits prostate cancer cells.
Link to Abstract
Download Full Article - 2005, Review of GcMAF research to date by the University of Tokushima in Japan.
Link to Abstract
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References supporting known actions of GcMAF
Morucci G, B. J. (2015 Feb). Gc-protein-derived macrophage activating factor counteracts the neuronal damage induced by oxaliplatin. Anti-cancer drugs, 197-209.
Morucci G, F. M. (2013). Vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor stimulates proliferation and signalling in a human neuronal cell line. Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-14897.
Pacini S, M. G. (2012 Jul-Aug). Effect of paricalcitol and GcMAF on angiogenesis and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and signaling. Journal of Nephrology, 577-581.
Ruggiero M, B. J. (2014 October 6-10). Glycosylated Oleic Acid/Vitamin D Binding Protein Suppresses HER2 Oncogene Expression In Human Breast Cancer. Abstracts of the 9th International Conference of Anticancer Research (pp. 5845-5847). Porto Carras, Sithonia, Greece: Anticancer Research.
Ruggiero M, G. M. (2014 Sept 18-20). Intra-tumoural nitric oxide release by macrophages activated by Gc-protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF). 68° Congresso della Società Italiana di Anatomia e Istologia (p. 170). Anacona: Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology.
Ruggiero M, P. S. (2013 Aug 22-27). Multifaceted immunotherapeutic effects of vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on human breast cancer and neuroblastoma cells. 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). Milan, Italy: Frontiers. Translational immunology and immune intervention.
Siniscalco D, B. J. (2014 April). The in vitro GcMAF effects on endocannabinoid system transcriptionomics, receptor formation, and cell activity of autism-derived macrophages. Journal of Neuroinflammation.
Smith R, T. L. (2013). Effects of Gc-Macrophage Activating Factor in Human Neurons; Implications for Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. American Journal of Immunology, 120-129.
Swamy N, G. S. (2001). Baculovirus-expressed vitamin D-binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-maf) activates osteoclasts and binding of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) does not influence this activity. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 535-546.
Thyer L, B. J. (2014 Oct 6-10). Clinical experience of immunotherapy based on oleic acid bound to glycosylated vitamin d-binding protein in localised and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Anticancer Research, 5847 – 5849.